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useless_faq2005-04-19 09:31 am
kennykilla.livejournal.com) wrote in useless_faq2005-04-19 09:31 am
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Опухоли бывают злокачественные и доброкачественные. А почему доброкачественные так называются? Они что, приносят людям счастье и радость? :)
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другими словами они не приводят к опухолевым заболеваниям с летальным исходом.
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Но я согласен с автором поста - это же все равно болезнь, и смешно тут употреблять слово "добро".
Назвали бы их, скажем, незлокачественные - не было бы двусмысленности.
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Вообще все это из латыни.
Вот, например:
http://pathology2.jhu.edu/icantut/surgneur/scripts/faq.cfm#BENIGN
Benign probably is derived from the Latin word benigenus which means "a good kind" (bene= well, genus= born of, kind).
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(malign) This word is derived from the Latin malignus which meant evil disposed, and is used as the opposite of benign.
Название не очень удачное, я согласен.
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Теперь переключаемся на раков ))
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Понятно что из латыни (cancer), но почему он по-латыни так называется? Причем тут раки?
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Гиппократ первым использовал слово "carcinos" для поверхностных опухолей, покрытых жестким эпителием, как панцирем.
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Cancer has most probably existed since the origin of mankind. The first known descriptions of cancer date back to earliest Antiquity !
Some etymology !
- Hippocrates (460-370 BC) described cancer in detail and used the Greek terms "carcinos" and "carcinoma" to refer to chronic ulcers or growths that seemed to be malignant tumours and "squirr(h)e" to refer to a type of cancer (epithelium) with a hard consistency due to the predominance of a sclerosis with a tissue retraction.
According to the A. Bailly Dictionary, both Greek terms respectively mean :
- "carcinos" : 1) crayfish, 2) canker, cancer, tumour
- "skirros" : as a noun : solid tumour; as an adjective : hard, hardened.
- Celsus (28 BC - 50 AC), a Roman doctor, translated the Greek word "carcinos" into the word "cancer", a Latin word meaning: 1) crab, crayfish, dunce and 2) cancer, canker. However, he introduced the Greek word "carcinoma" as such in Latin.
The term "cancer" rather referred to ulcers that looked malignant with a deep penetration, whereas the term "carcinoma" rather referred to more superficial premalignant and malignant lesions.
There was a theory that claimed that the form of some cancerous lesions recalled the form of a crab. This explains the origin of the words "carcinos" and "cancer" to refer to these diseases.
The Greek term "cacoethes", used as such in Latin by Celsus to refer to early-stage tumours, means "pernicious, malignant" when it is used as an adjective in medical French and "tumour that is hard to distinguish from carcinoma" when used as a noun.
"Cacoethes" comes from the Greek word "cacos" and means "bad, dirty".
- Galien (130-200) used the Greek term "oncos" to refer to a growth or a tumour that looked malignant.
Only few new terms were introduced to refer to these growths and tumours.
At the beginning of the 19th century "carcinoma" became a synonym of "cancer" and the ending "-oma" was used to designate some cancerous lesions. (http://www.bordet.be/historic/cancer/engl/cancer1.htm)
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Еще немного, и я пойду играть в Чтогдегода :P
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1) метастазы как клешни
2) твердый как панцирь рака
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